Thinking about
what we build

On AI engineering, physics simulation, and building software at scale.

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Essay The Uncomputed World

Why Simulate the World

When thinking and building become cheap, proof from the real world becomes the slowest step in progress. A second world, built from the laws of physics, makes proving fast: machines test designs there and build only the winners.

Zongfu Yu
Essay The Uncomputed World

Simulating the World

Language predicts a storm without resolving a single molecule. First-principles simulation resolves every molecule but cannot reach a single living cell. The way to simulate the world is a new tokenization of physics.

Zongfu Yu
Essay The Uncomputed World

A Physics Company

The laws of physics have been known for a century. What those laws do, at scale, has never been computed — and that gap is where an entire industry is still waiting to be built.

Zongfu Yu
Case Study

We built a layout viewer for AI agents. Then an agent scaled it to 38 million shapes.

How a goal-driven loop turned PhotonForge's browser LiveViewer from a half-million-shape viewer into a 38-million-shape, 60 FPS tool for humans and agents.

Prash Kharel & Darcy Parker
Essay

Learning Auto-Routing by Building: From Brute Force to an Auto-Design Agent

How I learned auto-routing for photonic chips — a failed brute-force attempt, AI as a learning partner, interactive HTML arenas, a PhotonForge router, and an agent that iterates 27 designs in under three minutes.

Prash Kharel
Case Study

Predicting Peak Memory for an Electromagnetic Mode Solver

How we replaced a heuristic memory estimate with a calibrated model for Tidy3D mode solver workloads, eliminating under-predictions across the calibration set.

Momchil Minkov
Essay

Can AI Agents Autonomously Design Components on Photonic Chips?

We gave AI agents a photonic simulator, a DRC engine, and four design challenges. They autonomously designed waveguide bends, crossings, splitters, and demultiplexers — some reaching near-perfect performance.

Tyler Hughes
Tutorial

Designing a Photonic Chip Component with ~45 Lines of Python

A compact introduction to photonic inverse design with Tidy3D, using a pre-built simulation and a ~45-line optimization loop.

Tyler Hughes
Case Study AI Engineering

"What Should We Work On Next?"

The story of building an 80,000-line autodiff library almost entirely through AI agents — and the verification infrastructure that made it possible.

Yannick Augenstein & Frederik Schubert
Essay AI Engineering

The Agent Control Loop — Engineering for Tolerance

Why agent reliability isn't magic model behavior — it's an environment where correctness is continuously verified. A framework for deciding when and how to delegate to AI agents.

Frederik Schubert & Yannick Augenstein